Maharana Pratap Singh Sisodia (Jyeshtha Shukla Tritiya Sunday Vikram Samvat 1597 correspondingly 9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597) was a king of the Sisodia dynasty in Udaipur , Mewar . [4] His name is immortal in history for bravery, bravery, sacrifice, valor and determination. He did not accept the subjugation of Mughal Emperor Akbar and fought for many years, ultimately failing to subdue Akbar Maharana Pratap. Maharana Pratap's policies became a source of inspiration for everyone from Shivaji Maharaj to the freedom fighters of Bengal against the British. [5] [6] [7]
He was born in Kumbhalgarh , present-day Rajasthan , to Maharana Udai Singh and mother Rani Jaywantabai. According to author James Todd, Maharana Pratap was born in Kumbhalgarh, Mewar. According to historian Vijay Nahar, according to the tradition of Rajput society and Maharana Pratap's horoscope and calendar, Maharana Pratap was born in the royal palaces of Pali. [8] [9] [10]
Maharana Pratap was born in Pali district and his maternal grandfather was in Pali. The copper plate is mentioned in seven lines in Part 18 of Saraswati written by Munshi Devi Prasad.
And in the book written by Somani, there is mention of the land donated by Maharana Pratap to the Brahmins. From these sources, it is true that it is appropriate to mention the land of Maharana Pratap's maternal grandfather as Pali.
birth place
There are two beliefs on the question of the birthplace of Maharana Pratap. The first Maharana Pratap was born in Kumbhalgarh Fort because the marriage of Maharana Udai Singh and Jaywantabai took place in Kumbhalgarh Palace. The second belief is that he was born in the royal palaces of Pali . Maharana Pratap's mother's name was Jayavanta Bai, who was the daughter of Songara Akhairaj of Pali. Maharana Pratap spent his childhood with the Bhil community, he used to learn the art of warfare with the Bhils, Bhils call their son Kika, hence Bhils used to call Maharana by the name Kika. [11] According to author Vijay Nahar 's book Hinduva Surya Maharana Pratap, when Pratap was born, Uday Singh was surrounded by war and insecurity. [12] Kumbhalgarh was not safe in any way. Raja Maldev, the powerful Rathori king of Jodhpur , was the most powerful king in North India in those days. And Songara Akheraj, father of Jayavanta Bai and ruler of Pali, was a trusted feudal lord and commander of Maldev.
Due to this, Pali and Marwar were safe in every way and Akbar's power was very less in front of the weak army of Ranbanka Rathores, hence Jaywanta Bai was sent to Pali. V.No. Pratap was born in Pali Marwar on Jyeshtha Shukla Tritiya number 1597. As soon as the good news of Pratap's birth was received, Udai Singh's army started marching and captured the throne of Chittor by achieving victory against Banveer in the Mavli war. [13] [14] According to the book Major Aide of Maharana Pratap by retired Indian Administrative Service officer Devendra Singh Shaktawat, the birthplace of Maharana Pratap, the remains of Maharao's fort are present in Juni Kachari Pali. Here the temple of Naganachi, the family deity of Sonagaras, is still safe. According to the book, according to old traditions, a girl has the first son in her peer group. [15]
According to historian Arjun Singh Shekhawat, the birth chart of Maharana Pratap has been prepared according to the old Dinman system with a birth time between midnight 12/17 to 12/57. 5/51 It is important to know the clear sun at sunrise 0/0 on palm, this brings favorable birth time. If this horoscope had been made in any place of Chittor or Mewar, then the zodiac sign, art and vikla of the clear Sun in the morning would have been different. The morning sunrise zodiac sign calculated by the Pandit using the old method of place and time is similar to Kala Vikala Pali. [16]
Dr. Hukamsingh Bhati's book History of Songara Sanchora Chauhans 1987 and historian Muhta Nainsi 's book Khyat Marwar Ra Pargana Ri are also clear in the past, "Jaivantabai, daughter of the famous Thakur Akheraj Songara of Pali, in V. No. 1597, Jeshtha Sudi, 3rd Sunday, before sunrise. 47 hours and 13 moments passed and such a resplendent child was born. Blessed is this land of Pali which gave birth to a gem like Pratap."
Life
Rana Udai Singh 's second queen Dhirbai , known as Rani Bhatiani in the history of the state, wanted to make her son Kunwar Jagmal the successor of Mewar. On becoming Pratap's successor, Jagmal goes to Akbar's camp in protest. The first coronation of Maharana Pratap took place in Gogunda on February 28, 1572 , but as per the legal procedure, the second coronation of Rana Pratap took place in Kumbhalgarh Fort in 1572 AD . In the second coronation,Rathore ruler of Jodhpur , Rao Chandrasen was also present. [19]
Rana Pratap had a total of 11 marriages in his life. The names of his wives and the sons and daughters he had from them are [20] :-
- Maharani Ajabde Panwar :- Amarsingh and Bhagwandas
- Amarbai Rathore :- Natha
- Shahmati Bai Hada :- Pura
- Almadebai Chauhan:- Jaswant Singh
- Ratnavati Bai Parmar:-Mal, Gaj, Klingu
- Lakhabai :- Raibhana
- Jasobai Chauhan :-Kalyandas
- Champabai Janthi:- Kalla, Sanvaldas and Durjan Singh
- Solankhinipur Bai :- Sasha and Gopal
- Phoolbai Rathore:-Chanda and Shikha
- Kheechar Ashabai :- Hatthi and Ram Singh
The most interesting fact during the reign of Maharana Pratap is that Mughal Emperor Akbar wanted to bring Pratap under his control without war, hence Akbar appointed four ambassadors to convince Pratap, the first of whom went to Jalal Khan Pratap's camp in September 1572 AD. In this sequence, Mansingh (in 1573 AD), Bhagwandas (in September, 1573 AD) and Raja Todarmal (in December, 1573 AD) arrived to convince Pratap, but Rana Pratap disappointed all four, thus Rana Pratap refused to accept the submission of the Mughals which resulted in the historic battle of Haldi Ghati . [21]
battle of haldighati
This war took place between Mewar and Mughals on 18 June 1576 AD. Maharana Pratap led the army of Mewar in this war. The leader of the Bhil army was Thakur Rana Poonja Solanki of Panarwa. [22] The only Muslim chieftain who fought on behalf of Maharana Pratap in this war was Hakim Khan Suri . [23]
The site of the battle was a narrow mountain pass at Haldighati near Gogunda, Rajasthan. Maharana Pratap fielded a force of about 3,000 horsemen and 400 Bhil archers. The Mughals were led by Raja Man Singh of Amer , who commanded an army of about 5,000–10,000 men. After a fierce battle that lasted for more than three hours, Maharana Pratap found himself wounded and while some of his men gave him time, he managed to escape into the hills and survive to fight another day. Mewar casualties numbered about 1,600 men. [24] The Mughal army lost 3500–7800 men, with another 350 wounded. Maharana Pratap of Mewar was victorious in this battle. As the empire's focus shifted elsewhere, Pratap and his army moved out and recaptured the western areas of his dominion. [25]
In this war, the Mughal army was led by Mansingh and Asaf Khan. Abdul Qadir Badayuni described this war with his own eyes. Asaf Khan indirectly termed this war as Jihad. In this war, Jhalaman of Binda saved the life of Maharana Pratap by sacrificing his life. Gwalior king 'Raja Ramshah Tomar' also slept in eternal sleep along with his three sons 'Kunwar Shalivahan', 'Kunwar Bhawani Singh', 'Kunwar Pratap Singh' and grandson Balbhadra Singh and hundreds of brave Tomar Rajput warriors. [26]
Jhala Mansingh saved Maharana Pratap who was surrounded by the enemy army by sacrificing his life and asked Maharana to leave the battlefield. [27] Shakti Singh saved Maharana by giving his horse. Beloved horse Chetak also died. [28] In the battle of Haldighati and in the battle of Dewar and Chappali, Maharana Pratap was known as the best Rajput king and for his bravery, valor, character, devotion, sacrifice. After successful resistance to the Mughals , he was considered a "Hindu Shiromani". [29]
This war lasted only for one day but 17,000 people were killed in it. Akbar made all efforts to conquer Mewar. Maharana's condition became worrying day by day. Bhamashah also became immortal by giving a grant sufficient to sustain 24,000 soldiers for 12 years . [30]
Historians believe that there was no victory in this war. But if seen, Maharana Pratap Singh was victorious in this war. How long could a handful of Rajputs be able to stand against the huge army of Akbar, but nothing like this happened, this war lasted for a whole day and the Rajputs had defeated the Mughals and the biggest thing is that the war was fought face to face. Maharana's army had forced the Mughal army to retreat and the Mughal army started running away. [31]
dedication thoughts
He returned to the forest and continued his fight. After the failure of one of his attempts at confrontation, Pratap resorted to guerrilla tactics . Using its hills as a base, Pratap began to drive away the Mughal troops from there on a large scale. He was adamant that the Mughal army of Mewar should never find peace: Akbar staged three rebellions and tried unsuccessfully to hide Pratap in the mountains. [32] During this time, he received financial assistance in the form of sympathy from Pratap Bhamashah . Bill from the Aravalli hills, with his support to Pratap during the war and with the means to survive in the jungle during peacetime. Many years passed like this. [33] James Todd writes: "Even without a good army in the Aravali range, there is no way for a great freedom fighter like Maharana Pratap Singh to be heroic: anything could lead to a brilliant victory or often a crushing defeat. In one incident, the Golies escaped just in time and abducted Rajput women and children in the deep zinc mines of Savar near Udaipur. Later, Pratap shifted his base to Sawan in the southeastern part of Mewada. [ 34 ] After the Mughal search wave, all the exiles lived for years in the forest, eating wild berries, hunting and fishing. According to legend, Pratap was having a hard time when the bullets ran out at the right time and Sawar near Udaipur Kidnapped Rajput women and children through the deep zinc mines of Mewar . Later, Pratap shifted his location to Chavand, the south-eastern part of Mewar. After the Mughal search wave, all the exiles lived for years in the forest. , ate wild berries, hunted and fished. According to legend, Pratap was having a hard time when the bullets ran out at the right time and abducted Rajput women and children through the deep zinc mines of Savar near Udaipura. . Later, Pratap shifted his place to Chavand, the south-eastern part of Mewar. After the Mughal exploration wave, all the exiles lived for years in the forest, eating wild berries, hunting and fishing. [35] According to legend, Pratap fell on hard times. All the exiles lived for many years in the foothills, eating wild berries, hunting and fishing. According to legend, Pratap was having a tough time. All the exiles lived for many years in canoes with wild berries and hunted and fished. According to legend, Pratap had a hard time eating chapatti made from grass seeds. [36]
Battle of Diwar-Chhapli
.JPG)
The battle of Diwar in 1582 is considered an important battle in the history of Rajasthan, because in this war Rana Pratap's lost kingdoms were recovered, after this a long conflict took place between Rana Pratap and the Mughals, due to which Colonel James Todd has called this war " Marathon of Mewar ".
Diwar Naka at the northern end of Mewar is unique from other Nakas. Its position is between the mountain ranges of Madaria and Kumbhalgarh. In ancient times, this hilly area was under the rule of Gurjar Pratihars, who were called Mer because they settled in this area. [39] There are many remains of the habitations of this caste in the origins here. In the medieval era, the Rajputs of the Deora caste became influential here, whose settlements settled in the surrounding fertile parts and spread up to the inner Girwa near Udaipur. Even today, Deora Rajputs are settled in large numbers in the hilly parts of Chikli. After the Deoras, Rajputs of the Rawat branch settled here. [40]
There were many reasons for these different communities to settle in Diwar. Firstly, Diwar has had a strategic importance, the communities who were famous for bravery, gradually settled here due to their bravery and kept influencing each other. The second important reason is that its location is on such routes from where there is facility of exchange between Marwar, Malwa, Gujarat and Ajmer. These routes can be seen even today as rough routes with narrow valleys. Due to centuries of movement with them, marks of horse hooves are present on the stones. There is no dearth of water on the routes, for which the remains of dams and springs are visible at many places. From security point of view, ruins of posts are also visible at various places. When Akbar captured places like Kumbhalgarh, Deogarh, Madaria etc., Diwar was selected as a defense point to maintain relations with the posts there. A large number of horsemen and elephants were kept here. This was also an easy place to send supplies to the inter-posts. [41]
While Maharana Pratap was busy in establishing settlements in the hilly areas of Chhappan and destroying fields in the flat parts of Mewar, Akbar was busy in making arrangements to send food to the northern military posts through the route of Diwar. Pratap's policies were definitely successful in removing Chhappan's outposts and in weakening the outposts of central Mewar, but the center of Diwar was still strong for the Mughals. [42]
In this background, the conflict between Maharana Pratap and the Mughals was connected. To prepare for this war, Pratap prepared a new plan to strengthen his power. By the way, the area of Chhappan had become occupied by the Mughals and due to lack of supplies in central Mewar, the Mughal outposts had become lifeless, now there was a need to take steps only in relation to the Mughal outposts in Northern Mewar and Diwar.
In this regard, Maharana started sending his expeditions towards Gujarat and Malwa and also started raiding the surrounding Mughal jurisdiction. In this sequence , Bhamashah , who was the chief of Mewar and the leader of the military system, attacked Malve and collected a huge amount of money from there by taking 2.3 lakh rupees and 20 thousand Ashrafias as penalty. By bringing this amount, he dedicated it to Maharana in Chulia village. Meanwhile, when Shahbaz Khan had returned disappointed, Maharana established his authority over the Mughali police stations of Kumbhalgarh and Madaria. Maharana's possession of both these places was an indication of the plan to capture Diwar. [43]
Therefore, to achieve success in this direction, a new army was organized. Supplies and weapons were collected from place to place. Money and facilities were provided to the soldiers. The enthusiasm of the colleagues of Sirohi, Idar and Jalore was boosted. All these arrangements were done secretly. The Mughals got the illusion that Pratap was leaving Mewar and going somewhere else. Due to such an environment of confusion, the soldiers of the remaining Mughal posts started living fearlessly. [44] When all the preparations were done, Maharana Pratap, Ku. Amarsingh , Bhamashah , Chundawat, Shaktawat, Solanki , Padihar, Rajputs of Rawat branch and other Rajput chiefs moved towards Diwar with their forces. [45] Groups of Bhils were deployed on other routes and valleys leading to Diwar, so that the military posts remaining elsewhere in Mewar could not establish any connection with Diwar. [46]
Suddenly when Maharana's army reached Diwar, there was a stampede among the Mughal party. The Mughal soldiers left the valley and started fleeing through the northern pass in search of the plains. Maharana along with his entourage chased the fleeing army. The path through the valley was so thorny and rugged that the Mughal soldiers accustomed to field warfare became disoriented. Ultimately, Maharana caught him at the other end of the valley where there was some width and also the source of the river. [47] Mughal officer Sultankhan of Diwar police station was arrested. Amar Singh surrounded him and attacked him with such a spear that it pierced Sultan Khan and passed through the horse's body. Horse and rider lost their lives. Maharana also completed the work of Bahlol Khan and his horse in the same way. A Rajput chief cut off the hind leg of the elephant with his sword. In this war, Vijayashree fell to Maharana. [48]
This victory of Maharana proved to be so effective that due to this the Mughal Thanas which were in active or inactive state in Mewar, whose number is said to be 36, were removed from here. The royal army, which was lying everywhere like prisoners, fighting, clashing and dying of hunger, ran backwards towards the Mughal areas. [49] Even after 1585 AD, Akbar also became indifferent towards Mewar due to the problem of North-West, due to which Maharana now got a good opportunity to work in public interest by making a new capital in Chavand. The victory of Diwar is a bright record in the life of Maharana. Where the battle of Haldighati was a battle of moral victory and test, the battle of Diwar-Chhapli became a decisive battle. As a result of this victory, Maharana's authority was established over entire Mewar. In a sense, the Rajputs avenged the blood of Diwar in the battle of Haldighati. The victory of Diwar proved that Maharana's bravery, determination and dynasty pride are irrefutable and indelible, this war also made it clear that the moral strength of Maharana's spirit of renunciation and sacrifice defeated the authoritarian policy. While Colonel Todd has called Haldighati as 'Thermopali', the war there has been called 'Merothan'. [50] [51] Just as a small unit like Athens had defeated the mighty power of Persia in 'Merothon', similarly a small state like Mewar defeated the large military force of the Mughal state in Diwar. The story of Maharana's Diver Vijay will always remain a source of inspiration for our country. [52]
success and demise
Poo. From 1579 to 1585, rebellions started taking place in the Mughal occupied territories of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, Bihar and Gujarat and Maharana was also conquering one fort after another, hence as a result Akbar remained busy in suppressing that rebellion and the Mughals were able to oust Mewar. The pressure decreased. Taking advantage of this, Maharana in 1585 AD. Mewar liberation efforts were further intensified. Maharana's army started attacking Mughal posts and immediately Maharana's authority was re-established over 36 important places including Udaipur. [53]
At the time when Maharana Pratap assumed the throne, his authority was re-established over the entire land of Mewar that he had control over. Even after twelve years of struggle, Akbar could not make any changes in it. And thus Maharana Pratap was successful in liberating Mewar after a long period of struggle and this time proved to be a golden era for Mewar. Akbar's eclipse on Mewar ended in 1585 AD. After that Maharana Pratap got busy in the comforts of his kingdom, but unfortunately he died only after eleven years on 19 January 1597 in his new capital Chavand . [54]
Due to fear of Maharana Pratap Singh, Akbar moved his capital to Lahore and after the demise of Maharana, brought it to Agra. [55]
' Maharana Pratap became immortal forever in the world as a true Rajput, brave man, patriot, warrior, protector of the motherland.
Akbar's reaction on death
Akbar was the biggest enemy of Maharana Pratap, but his fight was not the result of personal hatred, but was a fight for his principles and values. There was one who wanted to expand his cruel empire, while on one side there was Maharana Pratap ji who was fighting for the independence of his motherland India. Akbar felt very sad on the death of Maharana Pratap because at heart he admired the qualities of Maharana Pratap and Akbar knew that there is no one on this earth as brave as Maharana Pratap. Hearing this news, Akbar became mysteriously silent and tears came to his eyes. [56]
At the time of Maharana Pratap's death, Akbar was in Lahore and there he got the information that Maharana Pratap had died. The description written by Akbar's courtier Dursa Aadha in Rajasthani verse on Akbar's state of mind at that time is as follows:-
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